-= N =-

NABIYEV, Rakhmon
 Communist President of Tadjikistan, elected in 1991(?). Ousted from power in September 1992.

NAGY, Imre
 Communist Party leader and Prime Minister of Hungary during the uprising of 1956. Murdered after being tricked out of Yugoslav embassy.

NAMBIAR, General Satish
 Comander of UN peace keeping troops in the former Yugoslavia.

NANO, Fatos
 Leader of the Socialist Party in Albania ->92. Former prime minister. Immunity lifted in 7/93 to face corruption charges.
 
NAZARBAYEV, Nursultan
 President of Kazakhstan. Played on even footing with Yeltsin on Commonwealth affairs immediately after coup.

NECHAYEV, Andrei
 Russian Economics Minister, 1992. No friend of the CPD. Severely criticised by Yeltsin 2/93 for failing to control inflation / industrial restructuring, despite his criticism of the central bank loose money policy, cheap credits.
 
NEMETH
 Reformist prime minister of Hungary, 11/88.

NINKOVIĆ, Major-General Zimovir
 In charge of the Bosnian Serb air force. Defied Karadľić's agreement with UN about warplane withdrawal.

NOBILO, Mario
 Croatian ambassodor to the United Nations.
 
NOVOTNY
 Replaced Gottwald as President & Party leader in Czechoslovakia, 1953. Forced to resign as party first secretary 1/68.

NUSSBERG, Lev
 Founder of Moscow non-conformist "Movement Group" In 1962. Persecuted until his emigration with followers in 1976. Died '92.
 

 -= O =-

OBRADOVIĆ, Vuk
 General of the JNA, a leading light of young Serb nationalists. Resigned in May 1992 protesting at the army's handling of the war in Bosnia and Croatia. Widely tipped as possible foreign minister.

OGATA, Sadaka
 UN High Commissioner for Refugees. Active in Bosnia. Disagreed at times with the 'official' UN line on relief missions, suspending all aid at one point.

OLECHOWSKI, Andrzej
 A Wałęsa confidante, 10/93 Polish foreign minister.

OLSZEWSKI, Jan
 Polish PM after first free elections, in December '91 - June '92. He was a former Solidarity activist and lawyer.
 

 -= P =-

PANIĆ, Milan
 American citizen who fled Yugoslavia to become a millionaire, invited to become Prime Minister of the rump Yugoslavia by Miloąević. Outgrew his welcome by being critical of Miloąević and using his power to the full. Also Federal Minister of Defence. Fled in December after losing in elections and threats from Šeąelj.

PANIĆ, General Zivota
 Army Chief of Staff in rump Yugoslavia. Courted by Milan Panić in 9-10/92 to try to bring army down on the federal side.

PANKIN, Boris
 Soviet Foreign Minister for three months in 1991. Russian ambassador to the UK until 9/93, sacked for criticism of the KGB's successors (?)
PANKRATOV, Vladimir, Col.
 Replacement head of Moscow police, 11/92; former head of the renowned bribe-taking traffic division.

PASALIĆ, Arif
 Army commander in Bosnia.
 
PASHKO, Gramoz
 Deputy PM in Albania, 1992. Left Democratic Party to form Democratic Alliance, after warning of a new dictatorship. Critic of Berisha's style.

PASPALJ, Mile
 Foreign minister of the self-proclaimed Serb Republic of Krajina.
 
PAVLOV, Valentin
 Prime Minister of SU, considered to be against Gorbachev's reform programme. Member of the coup committee 8/91.

PAWLAK, Waldemar
 Asked to form a government in June 1992. Failed and Suchocka became PM. He became Polish PM 10/93 himself when his Peasants' Party, entered coalition with the larger SLD, Communist successors.

PESNIĆ, Vesna
 Leader of the opposition Reform Party in Serbia, vocal for recognition of borders in Yugoslavia at London Yugoslavian Peace Conference 8/92. Condemned war vocally.

PETKOVIĆ, Milivoj
 Bosnian Croat army chief.

PETROKOV, Nikolai

PIANKOVSKY, Andrei
 Close adviser to Yeltsin (early 91) and spokesperson for the Russian Democratic Movement.

PLAVSIĆ, Biljana
 Vice President of the Serb Bosnian Republic.
 
POLOZKOV
 Quasi-Stalinist elected to head the newly created Russian Communist Party, 1990.

POLTORANIN, Mikhail
 Outspoken opponent of Khasbulatov. Appointed by Yeltsin to oversee the media. Close Yeltsin aide. Head of the Federal Information Centre.

POPOV, Dimitar
 PM of Bulgaria, 1991
 
POPOV, Gabriel
 Mayor of Moscow; originally termed liberal, now somewhat authoritarian after Putsch; put many investors off Moscow -> St. Petersburg.

POZSGAY, Imre
 Leader of reformed Communist Party in Hungary, 90. Outspoken reformist in 1989, presidential candidate.
 
PRIMAKOV, Yevgeni
 Head of Russia's overseas reconnaissance.
 
PRUNSKIENE, Kazimiera
 Lithuanian Prime Minister during independence drive. Resigned in January 1991 after price reform measures were reversed by Parliament. (4 days before storming of the TV tower). Later accused of working with the KGB.

PUGO, Boris
 4 years KGB head in Latvia, then CP head there. Politburo member 10/89. Chairman of committee for party discipline/ control. One of the Coup conspirators. Soviet Minister of Interior; a Latvian and responsible (probably) for the crackdown in 1/91 in Riga.

PYASHEVA, Alisa
 Moscow radical deputy.
 
PYNZENYK, Viktor
 Radical minister of the economy and deputy prime minister in Ukraine. Resigned 27/7/93 in protest at the economic policy of the government which had ignored his pleas for fiscal restraint.
 

 -= R =-

RACHMANOV, Emomali
 Communist President of Tajikistan. Replaced Iskandarov after Nabijev's overthrow.

RAŠKOVIĆ, Jovan
 Leader of the self-proclaimed Serbian National Council of the Krajina, July 1990.

RAZNATOVIC, Zeljko
 Head of ruthless Serb paramilitary unit, the Tigers. Known as Arkan. Militia band responsible for atrocities in Croatia & Bosnia. 12/92 turned politician and stood in Kosovo at the head of his own extremist party. And Serbia, 12/93 for his 'Party of Serbian Unity'. On Interpol wanted lists for earlier bank robberies in West Europe.

REICH, Jens
Microbiologist, founder member of Neues Forum in the DDR in 1989.

ROMAN, Petre
 Romanian OM of the National Salvation Front. Resigned or was sacked and became a loud critic of Iliescu's policies.

ROSE, Lieutenant-General Michael
 UN commander-in-chief in Bosnia, 24/1/94. First action was to walk around Sarajevo without a flak jacket.

ROSO, Ante
 HVO lieutenant-general in Bosnia, 11/93.

RUBIKS, Alfreds
 First Secretary of Latvian Communist Party (90-1) and co-chairman of the Latvian National Salvation Council.

RUGOVA, Ibrahim
 Undisputed leader of the Albanian community in Kosovo. Had talks with Panić in London 8/92 and Kosovo 10/92.

RUMYANSTEV, Oleg
 Yeltsin supporter and secretary of the Constitutional Commission, 6/93. Leader of the Social Democratic Centre party.

RUTSKOI, Alexander
 Afghan veteran and Vice-President of Russia since '91 election, chosen by Yeltsin to show his Russianness, for being handsome, an Afghan veteran and leading the RCP democratic faction. "When we were elected, I gave my word as an officer that I would stay with him until the end." Very nationalist. Becaming increasingly Yeltsin critic from early 92. 11/92 one of the leaders of the Civic Union. Stripped of all offices and western limousines spring 1993. Co-leader of the October putsch with Khasbulatov. Pardoned by the State Duma, 1/94. Now seen as moral guardian and bringer of disipline.

RUUTEL, Arnold
 President of Estonia since 1983; responsible for the smooth transition to democracy. Lost in free elections 9/92.

RYABOV, Nikolai
 First Deputy Speaker of Russian Congress of People's Deputies. Nominated by Khasbulatov as co-chairman of the commision of experts to discuss a draft constitution (2/93).  Chairman of the Central Electoral Commission.

RYZHKOV, Nikolai
 Gorbachev's PM. Confirmed in his post for a second term by CPDSU in 1989. Sober economics expert. Accused of half-heartedness in reforms by perestroika supporters.