-= L =-

LAAR, Mart
 Prime Minister of Estonia (11/92). Historian of Soviet period.
 

LAGUMDZIJA, Zlatko
 Bosnian Minister of National Defence. Deputy premier 2/93 after Turajlić's assassination.

LANDSBERGIS, Vytautas
 President of Lithuania since first free elections were held before independence, giving Sajudis backed candidates a majority. Figurehead thoughout the troubles in 90-91. Professor of Music. Defeated in 1992 by reformed communist Brasauskas.

LAŠIĆ, Miljenko
 Commander of Croatian forces in Mostar. Saw Bosnian forces as a hinderance, not assistance.

LIGACHEV, Yegor
 Often described early on as a dangerous opponent to MSG. Representws the conservative wing of the party in the Politburo since 1985, as head of idealogy. Stripped of this post 1988. Applied brakes to economic reforms since then. Supreme Soviet committee says he is mainly reponsible for the 19 dead in Tblisi.

LILOV, A.
 Bulgarian Communist Party leader since March 1990. had been thrown out of the politburo in 1983.

LOBOV, Oleg
 Close ties to business; promoted to Yeltsin to the cabinet without portfolio, 4/93. Deputy prime minister. 16/4 given special responsibility for redirecting the reform course. 19/9/93 sacked from economics ministry to make way for Gaidar's return. Secretary of Security Council. Interceded in White House events, promising talks.

LOBOV, Vladimir
 Chief of Staff (SU) after Coup. Ex head of Warsaw Pact. Replaced Moisiyev who in turn had replaced Yazov.

LOPUKHIN, Vladimir
 Russian Energy Minister until 31/5/1992. Replaced by Chernomyrdin. Supporter of free energy prices.

LOZORAITIS, Stasys
 Saj_dis presidential candidate, 2/93. Embassador to Washington. Emigré for almost all of life, viewed as distant from problems in his 'home' country.

LUBYS, Bronislavas
 Lithuanian Prime Minister. Formerly Director-General of a fertilizer company. MP since 1985. Deputy PM under Abiąala who he succeeded in December 1992.

LUKANOV
 Bulgarian Prime Minister after the first free elections and member of the Socialist Party. Resigned due to conflict with the opposition over his reform plan and mass demonstrations.

LUKIĆ, Vladimir
 Prime Minister in the self-proclaimed Serb Republic of Bosnia.
 
LUKYANOV, Anatoly
 Speaker / Chairman of the Supreme Soviet (U). Central Committee general department head. Often viewed as 'pretender' to MSG's throne, forced to resign after coup as evidence of his complicity mounted. Formerly a close friend of Gorbachevs. Formerly presidium member of Supreme Soviet 1969-83.

LUPITSKY, Vassily
 One of the leaders of the Civic Union.

LUZKHOV, Yuri
 Mayor of Moscow. Sided with Yeltsin, 11/93.
 

 -= M =-

MACKENZIE, General Lew
 Responsible for UN forces in Bosnia. General and UN Commander, only one successful in Bosnia.

MADZAR, Ljubomir
 Federal economics minister in Panić's government from 1/12/92. Professor at Belgrade Economics University.

MAGNUSSON, Mik
 UN spokesman in Sarajevo.

MAKHKAMOV, Kakhar
 Ageing President of Kirghizia before independence. Replaced by Nabijev.

MALINOWKSI, Roman
 Leader of the Polish Peasants' Party (SZL/PSL) and coalition partner of Mazowiecki in 1989.

MAMEDOV, Yagub
 President of Azerbaijan, 1992. Acting president (3/92)
 
MARASHENKO
 

MARJANOVIĆ, Gjorgji
 League of Democracy for Macedonia. Urged recognition of Macedonia as Macedonia.

MARKHU, Mhill
 Albanian Deputy Foreign Minister, 1992

MARKO, Bela
 Romanian senator and moderate chairman of the Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania since 1/93.

MARKOVIĆ, Ante
 Yugoslav prime minister (1990).

MAROVIĆ
 Montenegrin PM, and after 'federal' elections in June '92 a touted name for the new Federal Yugoslav Presidency.

MARTINOVIĆ
 Government minister in the self-styled Republic of Krajina.

MARTOVITSKY, General Anatoly
 Head of Tajikistan's national border guards, 1992.
 
MASLYINKOV, Yuri
 Member of Politburo 9/90, its youngest member. HEad of Gosplan, for the economy.
 
MATIUKHIN, Georgy
 Chairman of the Central Bank of Russia, 1992 Also on board of reconstituted Moscow Narodny in London. Resigned on 1/6/92 accusing parliament "of looking for someone who would bow either to president or parliamentary speaker". Was a stubborn defendant of relatively strict monetary policy. Replaced by Geratschenko.

MAZOWIECKI, Tadeusz
 Editor of Solidarity's weekly newspaper. Polish PM during transition to full democracy. Came third in Presidential elections, behind Tyminski (party X). Later made UN human rights investigator in Yugoslavia. Originally a journalist.

MEČIAR, Vladimir
 Leader of Movement for a Democratic Slovakia. Wants to sever links with Czech lands and declare Slovak sovereignty. Accused of being a demagogue and having no policies.

MEDVEDEV, Vadim
 Chief idealogy officer of the CPSU. Politburo 1988. Steady if colourless supported of Gorbachev's market reforms. Keen to hang on to the monopoly on power.

MELESCANU, Teodor
 Romanian foreign minister. (93)
 
MERI, Lennart
 Foreign minister of Estonia (1990-) and presidential candidate in 1992. Leader of party. Played important role in quest for self-determination and independence from SU.

MESHKOV, Yuri
 Russian Crimean president, elected early '94 who openly advocated seccession and union with Russia.

MESIĆ, Stipe Federal President of Yugoslavia before and during the war of independence in Slovenia and Croatia. A Croat and continued to try and hold the federation together in some form. Critic of Miloąević and the JNA. Later Deputy President of the Croatian Democratic Party.

MICHNIK, Adam
 Former human rights activist who switched his support from Wałęsa after he became president.

MIELKE,
 Minister for State Security (Staatssicherheit) in the DDR under Honecker. Arrested 1989 on corruption charges.

MIKELIĆ, Borislav
 Sel-styled foreign minister of the Croatian Serbs.

MILCZANOWSKI, Andrzej
 Interior minister of Poland, 10/93. Only member of Pawlak's cabinet who is not a member of any pre-1989 bloc party.

MILOŠEVIĆ, Slobodan
 Unreformed Communist and President of Serbia since 1987. Fought for political survival when sanctions were imposed. Followed expansionist policies. Failed to identify publicly Serbia + Yugo. army as aggressor in Croatia and Bosnia-Hercegovina. Reigned in radicals only when it suited him under international pressure.

MILOVANOVIĆ, General Manojlo
 Bosnian Serb chief of staff.

MITYUKOV, Mikhail
 Chairman of the Russian CPD's Legislation Committee.
 
MLADENOV, P.
 Minister of foreign affairs in Bulgaria since 1971 until 1989. President of Bulgaria after Zhivkov was toppled untill after 6/90 free elections. Was denied UDF backing and replaced by Zhelev.
 
MLADIC, General Ratko
 Commander of the Serb Army in Bosnia. Commander of Federal Army 10/5/92, replacing Kukanjac. Former army commander of Knin, Croatia. Hawkish commander of Serbian forces in Bosnia.

MOISIYEV
 Chief of Staff (SU) after Yazov. Followed by Lobov.

MOMPER, Walter
 SPD mayor of West Berlin in 1989 when the Wall fell.

MORILLION, General Philippe
 In charge in Sarajevo (?) UN. UN Commander-in-chief in Bosnia, 10/92 - 7/93. Became overnight star when he stayed in Srebrenica, under bombardment by Serbs.

MURASHEV, Arkady
 Born 1957, an expert on high-temperature physics was appointed head of the demoralised Moscow police force after the coup. Critics complained his appointment was an example of "jobs for the boys." He described himself "a conservative of the Right, a Reaganite-Thatcherite," advocated the legalistaion of weapons sales and carried a revolver. Replaced 11/92 by Col Pankratov.

MUTALIBOV, Ayaz
 Communist president of Azerbaijan, elected as such in 1992(?); forced from power after reinstatement. (5/92)