ABDULATIPOV, Ramazan
 President of the Russian Chamber of Nationalities, the upper house of parliament until 10/93.

ABDULYANOV, Abdumalek
 Prime Minister of Tajikistan '92.

ABIŠALA, Alexandr
 Lithuanian Prime Minister from July 1992. Replaced Vagnorius.

ACHALOV, Vladislav
 Col-Gen. Closely escaped prosecution after 1991 coup, when he made plans for the storming of the White House. Defended it in 1993.

ADAMEC, Ladislav
 Short-term Communist prime minister in Czechoslovakia, autumn 1989. Resigned 7/12. Economic reformist, politically inflexible. Succeeded by Èalfa.

ADAMIK, František
 Catholic activist in Czechoslovakia. Jail sentence overruled 12/6/87 by Supreme Court in Prague.

ADŽIĆ, General Blagoje
 Acting Defence Minister of Yugoslavia (4/92). Proponent of JNA intervention in Bosnia.

AHTISAARI, Martti
 Chairman of the Bosnia-Hercegovina working group in the UN Geneva Yugoslavia conference.

AKASHI, Yasushi
 UN Secretary General Boutros Boutros-Ghali's special representative in Bosnia.

AKAYEV, Askar
 President of Kirghizia since 1/93. Replaced Sherimkulov.

AKHROMEYEV, Marshal Sergei

Gorbachev;s chief miltiary adviser who resigned on 07.12.1988 over disagrement about unilateral arms reductions proposals.

AKMADŽIĆ, Milan
 Croat; Secretary-general in Bosnia's collective Moslem-Croat presidency during the civil war. Later Foreign Minister. Named an embassador to Vienna - so did Izetbegović. Neither withdrew. Became prime minister. Member of presidium. Took part in Geneva negotiations on confederalism. Stayed away from Sarajevo since 8/92. Resigned officially 8/93 when Herceg-Bosna declared itself a republic.

ALIA, Ramiz
 President of Albania, successor to Enver Hoxha. Resigned following unrest after elections in '91. Arrested, charged with genocide in 9/92.

ALIYEV, Haydar
 Former KGB general and Moscow Politburo member. Communist Party leader in Azerbaijan, protégé of Brezhnev. Later leader of the Nakhichevan exclave. Forced resignation of parliament's chairman Gambarov in 6/93. Held talks with rebel leader Gusseinov.

ANDRONOV, Iona
 Key Yeltsin opponent (92).

ANTALL, Jozsef
 Elected Hungarian Prime Minister 5/90 aged 58. Historian and archivist. Chairman of the governing MDF Hungarian Democratic Forum. Liberal in outlook, although he shared some aspects of Csurka's credo, rejecting this only when he saw his own position in danger. Has cancer. Died 1994.

ARDZIMVA, Vladislav
 Parliamentary speaker of Abkhazia, and leader of independence drive in battle against Georgia, summer 1992.

ARKAN
 nom de guerre "tiger"; - see Raznatoviæ

ARUTUNIAN, Khosrov
 Vice president of Armenia (92) also PM, but replaced in this post by Bagratian, formerly deputy PM.
 

 -= B =-

BABIÆ, Milan
 Head of self-proclaimed Serbian Republic of Croatia (Krajina). Also known as Republic of Serb Krajina (RSK). Opposed all attempts at reconciliation with Zagreb, except economic cooperation.

BAGARIÆ, Bozo
 Deputy leader of Bosnian forces in Sarajevo. Killed by Serbs, 14/9/92

BAGRATIAN, Grant
 Deputy prime minister of Armenia (92), named PM in 1/93 after Arutunian was sacked for "gross breach of etiquette." Pioneer of land privatisation in the ex-USSR.

BAKATIM, Vladimir
 Soviet Interior Minister, redundant by 6/91. Head of KGB since '91 Putsch. Ex Interior Ministry, (where he was replaced by Boris Pugo.) Former liberal Foreign Minister ?

BAKLANOV,
 Military / armaments chief in the Central Committee. Member of coup team 8/91.

BALCEROWICZ, Leszek
 Polish Finance Minister and Deputy Prime Minister, proponent of free market policies and leader of the privatisation movement. Resigned at the end of 1991. Joined Wa³êsa's Council of Economic Advisers in January 1992.

BARANNIKOV, Viktor
 Interior Minister (SU) (Rus)(R. first) after Putsch. Sacked by Yeltsin 27/7/93 after his handling of the Afghan-Tajik border conflict.

BERECZ, Janos
Party ideologist and politburo member n Hungary, removed from the PB in 06.89. Opposed to Pozsgay's reform efforts.

BERISHA, Sali
 President of Albania in 1992 after second free elections in April. Successor to Ramiz Alia.

BEROV, Ljuben
 Zhelev advisor, named PM in Bulgaria after Dmitrov´s resignation in 10/92.

BESMERTNYKH, Alexander
 Foreign Minister after Sheverdnadze. Characterless, grey, weak. Silent throughout putsch.

BIELECKI, Jan
 Prime minister in Poland, 9/91. Balcerowicz was his deputy.

BIRYUKOVA, Aleksandra
 Pre-1986 Central Comittee Secretary for the light and consumer industries. Sole female candidate member of the Politburo. 1988 via trade unions. Attempts to highlight women's issues mostly unsuccessful. Head of the Office for Social Development at the Council of Ministers.

BLAGOJEVIÆ, Djordje
 Serbian Police chief, named Yugoslav interior minister 3/93, to replace Bulatoviæ.

BOBAN, Mate
 Self-styled head of the Croatian enclave of "Herceg-Bosne" in B-H. Leader of the HDZ in Bosnia, December 1992. Head of Croat negotiating team in Geneva.

BÖHLEY, Bärbel
One of the founders of Neues Forum. Was expelled from the DDR for 6 months in 1988 after taking part in a demonstration in East Berlin.

BONDARENKO, Lieutenant-General
 Chief of staff of the Russian security ministry. '93

BOROWSKI, Marek
 Liberal of the SLD, Polish deputy PM and minister of finance and economics 10/93. Temporarily debarred from the CP in 1968 for organising student meetings. Economic reformer in the mould of Balcerowicz.

BRAGIN, Vyacheslav
 Head of Ostankino, the TV service of the CIS 1/93. Replaced Yakovlev. Liberal. Head of Parliament's media committee.

BRAZAUSKAS, Algierdas
 Communist leader of Lithuania who adopted the nationalist cause. Beaten by Landsbergis in '90. Remained popular character, adopted pro-Lithuania stance towards the time of the Declaration of Independence and later elections. Soviet Politburo member. Defeated Sajudis as leader of reformed Communist Party to win large majority in Autumn 1992. Ordered the removal of the barricades at parliament.

BRDJANIN, Radoslav
 Speaker of the Parliament of the breakaway Serb Bosnian republic.

BRUCAN, Silviu
 Communist elite in Romania who spoke to Gorbachev in 1988 about Ceacescu's overthrow and played a leading role in the 1989 coup.

BUDISA, Drazen
 President of Croatian Social Liberal Party ('92) and his party's presidential candidate in 8/92. Critical of the slow pace of privatisation. Leader of parlaimentary opposition.

BULATOVIÆ, Momir
 President of Montenegro, leader of the Communist Party. President of Yugoslavia after it was abandoned by Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Macedonia. Turned it into an instrument of Miloševiæ and the JNA.

BULATOVIÆ, Pavle
 Interior Minister of the rump federal Yugoslav state in Paniæ's cabinet, 1992. Moved to federal defence ministry by Kontiæ, 3/93.

BURBULIS, Genaddy
 One of Yeltsin's closest aides and spokesmen and de facto PM in 91-92. Sacked from cabinet November 92 in effort to win support from the CPD. A leading liberal.